Publications

Small enterprises are important contributors to economic development and local employment in low- and middle-income countries. However, they are often highly vulnerable to climate risks and have limited capacity to adapt to them. This study assesses the preferences of micro-enterprises in the Philippines for risk management strategies in response to climate risks and environmental hazards. 

• Becker, A., G. Leppert und A. Köngeter (2025), Vulnerable Entrepreneurs’ Preferences for Climate Risk Management: A Discrete Choice Experiment with Micro-Enterprises in the Philippines. Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 392.

This report provides a summary of the evidence available on the effects of development cooperation in the area of food and nutrition security. It presents new insights into the findings of the living Food systems and nutrition (FSN) Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) that was initially commissioned by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) through Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit’s (GIZ) “Knowledge for Nutrition” Programme. It also presents a protocol for a Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) that aims to synthesise and appraise the evidence available on the effects of Information, Capacity Strengthening, and Behaviour Change interventions (ICSBC) on food security, nutrition, and environmental food system resilience in Sub-Sahara Africa. 

• Rapid Evidence Assessment Protocol

• Lwamba, E., I. Storhaug, S. Pande, P. Marion, D. Cordova-Arauz, S. Shisler, E. J. Quiñones, A. Sting, and C. Roemling (2025) Development Cooperation in the Area of Food Security and Nutrition: Protocol for a Rapid Evidence Assessment on the Effects of Information, Capacity Strengthening, and Behaviour Change Interventions on Food Security, Nutrition and Environmental Food System rRsilience in Sub-Sahara Africa. London: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie).

Multilateral development cooperation makes an essential contribution to overcoming current global challenges. Against this background, this evaluation analyzes the multilateral engagement of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Taking into account the evaluation criteria of “relevance”, ‘coherence’ and “efficiency”, the focus is on financing modalities, portfolio design and the interplay of bilateral and multilateral development cooperation.

• BMZ Response
• Executive Summary (PDF, 366 KB)
• DEval Discussion Paper 02/2025 (PDF, 1.83 MB)  Accessible

• Heucher, A., J. Ihl and I. Reinstädtler (2025), The BMZ's Multilateral Engagement. Financing and Interplay, German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval), Bonn.

Amid pressing global challenges, multilateral organisations are delivering a substantial and increasing part of official development assistance. They receive funding from member states via two different financing modalities: core funding and earmarked funding, including trust funds. In these times of tightened spending and budgetary cuts, questions regarding the effectiveness of different financing modalities have become highly relevant. Yet, current research and policy discussions on these questions do not provide a clear overall picture, and empirical evidence on different financing modalities is scattered. Therefore, this systematic review analyses the state of knowledge on the effectiveness of core and earmarked funding. This entailed a systematic identification of literature that presents empirical evidence on the effectiveness of different financing modalities.

• Ihl, J., R. Singh, I. Malandu Mukali, H. Hede Skagerlind and A. Heucher (2025), The Effectiveness of Core and Earmarked Funding in Multilateral Development Cooperation – Systematic Review, DEval Discussion Paper 2/2025, German Institute for Development Evaluation (DEval) and Expert Group for Aid Studies, Sweden (EBA), Bonn, Germany.

Multilaterale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit leistet einen essenziellen Beitrag zur Bewältigung aktueller globaler Herausforderungen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in dieser Evaluierung das multilaterale Engagement des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) analysiert. Unter Berücksichtigung der Evaluierungskriterien „Relevanz“, „Kohärenz“ und „Effizienz“ liegt der Fokus auf den Finanzierungsmodalitäten, der Portfoliogestaltung und der Verzahnung bi- und multilateraler EZ.

• Stellungnahme des BMZ
• Deutsche Zusammenfassung (PDF, 1.45 MB)  Accessible
• Online-Anhang (PDF, 3.23 MB)  Accessible
• DEval Discussion Paper 02/2025 (Englisch)

• Heucher, A., J. Ihl und I. Reinstädtler (2025), Das multilaterale Engagement des BMZ. Finanzierung
  und Verzahnung, Deutsches Evaluierungsinstitut der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DEval), Bonn.

Die vorliegende Evaluierung untersucht die Förderung von Kreislaufwirtschaft in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit durch das Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) und das Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV). Dabei werden insbesondere die Relevanz und die Kohärenz der Kreislaufwirtschaft in der deutschen EZ bewertet, um zur Weiterentwicklung der Konzeption und zur verbesserten Zusammenarbeit der Ressorts und Durchführungsorganisationen beizutragen. 

• Deutsche Zusammenfassung (PDF, 717 KB)  Accessible
• Executive Summary (PDF, 779 KB)
• Stellungnahme des BMZ

• Römling, C., K. Guffler, L. Kunert, L. Welk und J. Schnell (2025), Förderung der Kreislaufwirtschaft in der deutschen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, Deutsches Evaluierungsinstitut der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (DEval), Bonn.